• Architect a microprocessor or microcontroller system and estimate the required hardware and software resources.

• Select a microprocessor or microcontroller suitable to the application.

• Perform the detailed hardware design of a microprocessor or microcontroller system.

• Program the microprocessor or microcontroller using suitable techniques including use of allocation schemes and device drivers.

• Find effective solutions to a wide range of real-world microprocessor and microcontroller applications.

Section – A

8086: First 16 bit microprocessor, clock frequency, number of transistor, block diagram, read data bus cycle, write data bus cycle, pin diagram, description of each pin, multiplexed address and data line, use of latch and ALE signal to distinguish between address and data, addressing modes, instruction set, memory management technique, interrupts, predefined, user defined and hardware interrupts. 80286: Difference between 8086 and 80286, real mode, protected virtual address mode, descriptor, 24 bit address generation using 16 bit registers

80486: 32 bit microprocessor, call gate, difference between the descriptor of 80286 and 80486, memory management technique, pin diagram, multiple Vcc and GND pins

Section – B

Introduction to Microcontrollers: What is microcontroller, difference between microprocessor and microcontroller, where to use microcontroller, example of use of microcontroller in daily life, which microcontroller to choose.

Introduction to 8051: Block diagram of 8051, facilities of 8051, internal architecture of 8051, Addition using 8051, copy using 8051, Assembly code to Hex code conversion, Hex code placement in ROM

Internal Memory Management of 8051: Registers of 8051, memory banks, switching among memory banks, default memory bank, position and size of stack, accessing of stack, different portions of ram, bit addressable ram, accessing bit addressable ram

Addressing Modes: Different addressing modes for programming 8051, addressing mode for accessing stack, addressing mode for bit addressable ram, addressing mode for accessing data from on-chip ROM I/O Port Programming: Ports of 8051, dual functionalities of the ports, special instruction for make a port as input port, bit addressability of the ports, SFR’s Logic programming: Shifting left and right, rotating with left and right with or without carry, AND, OR, NOT logical operations, addition with or without carry, subtraction with or without borrow

• Primary reference book: Microprocessor and Microcomputer based system design by Dr. M. Rafiquzzaman

• The Intel Microprocessors by Barry B. Brey

• Primary reference book: The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi